A history of diversity in the armed forces
A 2008 study from Syracuse University examines the extent to which
the poor and minorities are disproportionately selected into the military.
While Amy Lutz, the author of the study, writes that relatively little research
has examined this question empirically, although the Department of Defense
keeps annual records on the race and gender of military personnel.
Lutz relays that a study done in 1980 found that from 1940 to 1973
blacks were less likely to join the military than whites, while in more recent
years, a 2006 study concluded that blacks are overrepresented in the military.
The same 2006 study found that people who serve in the military come from more
well-off neighborhoods than those who have not joined the military — although
the economic elite are underrepresented in armed service.
Lutz’s study also looks at the history of participation of the
three largest racial and ethnic groups in the military — whites, blacks and
Latinos — and examined ethnicity, immigrant generation and socioeconomic status
in relation to military service.
It concluded that significant disparities
exist only by socioeconomic status, finding “the all-volunteer force continues
to see overrepresentation of the working and middle classes, with fewer
incentives for upper class participation.”
Immigrants to America have a long history of joining the military,
as Lutz says German, Irish and Italian immigrants as well as Latinos have a
lengthy history of participation in the United States military from the
Revolutionary War to World War II.
The same is true for African-Americans, who
have fought in every American war, including the Revolutionary War, in which
George Washington initially banned black participation against the British.
Washington changed his mind when the British offered to free slaves who fought
on their side.
However, despite their many contributions, it wasn’t until much
later in American history that the discrimination facing African-Americans in
the military was addressed.
African-Americans did face discrimination, as Lutz
explains, “In the early years of the United States, policies toward
African-Americans in the military were somewhat ambivalent. Often, the policies
stated that participation in the military was for whites only, but in practice
blacks were allowed to join whenever the military needed manpower.”
In 1948, President Harry Truman issued Executive Order 9981, which
outlawed racial discrimination in the military.
The order stated, “It is hereby
declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of
treatment and opportunity for all persons in the Armed Forces without regard to
race, color, religion, or national origin.
This policy shall be put into effect
as rapidly as possible, having due regard to the time required to effectuate
any necessary changes without impairing efficiency or morale.”
Truman’s executive order also established a committee appointed by
the president to examine racial inequality in the military as well as to create
and alter military policies related to civil rights.
While previous policies
had sought to put an end to racial discrimination in the military, they did not
define segregation as a form of discrimination, thus allowing it to continue.
Women and the military today
In 2011, a study by the Pew
Research Center found that black women are enlisting in the military at far
higher rates than are white or Hispanic women, and they now represent nearly a
third of all the women in the armed forces. And women are joining the military
in record numbers at the same time that the military is seeing less people
enlist overall.
From 1973 to 2010 the number of active duty enlisted women in the
military grew from about 42,000 to 167,000. Over that same period, the enlisted
force as a whole saw a decrease of about 738,000 service members.
The study, which utilized demographic data collected by the
Defense Department, found that of the 167,000 enlisted women in the military,
31 percent are black, which is twice their percentage in the civilian female
population. Black men represent about 16 percent of the male enlisted
population, which is proportionally equal in the civilian population.
In contrast, white women represent 53 percent of women in the
military, while accounting for 78 percent of the civilian female population.
A New York Times article, which reported on the study, stated that
“black women are a crucial source of new recruits for the armed forces,
especially for the Army and the Air Force.”
However, the question of why black
women enlist at higher rates than white women or black men remains unanswered
and has not been studied, Beth J. Asch, a senior economist and defense manpower
specialist at the Rand Corporation, told the newspaper.
The study also found that women were far more likely than men to
serve in the Air Force, but far less likely to join the Marine Corps. “That probably
reflects the central role of the infantry in the Marines, since women are
barred from ground combat units,” the article speculates.
Asch alluded to the fact that “the military tries to attract high
school graduates who are looking for job training, good benefits and help with
college tuition — and that a high percentage of black women fit that bill, as a
possible explanation of the discovery.
“That is the group the military targets,” Asch said.
Women in the military are less likely than military men to be
married, as only 46 percent of women in the military are married as opposed to
58 percent of men. Almost half of the married women in the military have
spouses who are also in the military, but only 7 percent of married military
men have wives in the forces.
Military looks to recruit less educated
The military also seems to be drawing recruits who have less
education, as a recent report documented the percentage of new recruits
entering the Army with a high school diploma dropped to a new low.
The study, which was conducted by the National Priorities Project
(NPP), found slightly more than 70 percent of new recruits joining the active
duty Army had a high school diploma, nearly 20 percentage points lower than the
Army’s goal of at least 90 percent.
Army officials confirmed lowering their standards to meet high
recruiting goals in the middle of ongoing conflicts that the U.S. was involved
in around the world.
Massachusetts-based research NPP concluded that the number of high
school graduates among new recruits fell to 70.7 percent in 2008.
“The trend is clear,” Anita Dancs, the project’s research director
who based the report on Defense Department data released via the Freedom of
Information Act, told the Washington Post. “They’re missing their benchmarks,
and I think it’s strongly linked to the impact [of] the Iraq War.”
The study also found that the number of recruits with both a high
school diploma and a score in the upper half on the military’s qualification
test fell by 15 percent from 2004 to 2007.
An analysis of recruiting data
revealed that low- and middle-income families are supplying far more Army
recruits than families with incomes of more than $60,000 a year
Plaintiffs Negro Veterans et al collectively affirm, declare Chief
Defendant Donald John Trump Sr. having maintain Slavery Servitude as leadership
of the Knights of the Klu Klux Klansmen for himself, and
White Only Corporation
Grand Wizards, Grand Dragons, and the extreme elite pure and fine polished
whites only richest that control most of the wealth and republican political
parties in the
United States of America
having maintain a vested (RICO) monetary interest in “not letting” or
tortious interference with DNA (all) 44.5 plus Millions
Negro Slave Plaintiffs folks
make a decent living in any way other than joining the military and protecting
the 'rights and wealth' of the
Chief Defendant Donald John Trump Sr. and his
Klan’s of White Only super fine pure polished and Chief Defendant Donald John
Trump Sr.
Officially words from his own Nazi mouth over seeing his flok of
(KKK/Nazi) constituents being “Commander in Chief” of the 2016 Knights of The
Klu Klux Klansmen 1000% always fine super white and above privileged that’s
responsible Slavery Master” keeping with
DNA (all) 44.5 plus Millions
Negro Slave Plaintiffs
folks, always being “Niggers downtrodden is an absolute conflict of interest
Donald John Trump Sr. illegally and quite disqualifying himself from his own hostile
quite ungodly grossly murderous KKK activites
(Matthew 6:24),
No man can serve two masters, cannot work for two different
people, organizations, or purposes in good faith, because you will end up
favoring one over the other
“Commander in Chief” of the 2016 Knights of The Klu Klux Klansmen
vs. Commander in Chief of The United States of America Armed forces as Chief
Defendant has taken on the scanky stances viciously attacking and installing Hate
crimes while rioting against the entire Negro Race,
while running currently
institute HATE crimes against the official Government of USA a “Mexican Heritage
Judge, while Mock the Handicap, and aid the enemy before even being acting
Commander in Chief of the “United States of America while pleasing Elect Trump
Nazi Hitler
constituents being official It's
a racial Donald John Con Artist dirty job but finding himself compel, complete
and content happy feeling in pride of “White Only” kidnap Slavery always legacy
of the (KKK) lynching nigger he must repeat history against
44.5 Millions of Negro American still “Slaves and No Legal Citizenships
as Trump none compassion and unbecoming of an officer and a Gentlemen 1000 %
incite rioting against the abused “niggers” as this his duty he must do it. Really, really sad for
Commander
in Chief Trump future representation of the entire Negro Race activity duty military
ranks to that represented mainly by the working poor and minorities, being
exploited furtherance’s in “Slavery Servitude” as Military Niggers Slaves for
protection of
Chief Defendant Donald John Trump sr. and Donald John Trump Jr.
and his elite Whites holy than ever super ($$$) rich can count on the poorest Negro Plaintiffs
activity duty “Slaves” laying down their
still Slavery Servitude subject lives to protect the good life of the most well
off
Commander in Chief of The Klu Klux Klansmen Donald John Trump Sr. and all
his rank and file personnel, and “Whites Only Congress committed to the same
white slavery supremacy against the just innocents lives of still held against their
will, no legal citizenship of (USA) always
Downtrodden Nigger Slaves or as they
want to now in 2016 be politically correct just fucking
“White Man Always KKK
Property” Pursuant to:
Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857),
as Chief Defendant Donald John Trump Sr. Commander in Chief of The
Klu Klux Klansmen not yet
Commander in Chief of The United States of America
having 1000% incite racial hate crimes against all negro race in 2016 even
small minor children as example for the Honorable Justice Court a very chilling
graphic
Photo Exhibit dated “June 14th 2016 of
The family of a black sixth grader in Texas is suing her school
after white students allegedly wrapped a rope around her neck and pulled her to
the ground, The $3-million lawsuit accuses
Live Oak Classical School in Waco of
negligence, gross negligence, and intentional infliction of emotional distress.
The lead attorney on the case is Levi McCathern, who represents the Dallas Cowboys
As this the dirty New Commander in Chief of the United States
Armed Forced duty incite Hate against also activity duty still slaves negro
race Plaintiffs collectively herein on the
It's a dirty job but Commander in
Chief of The Knights of The Klu Klux Klansmen Donald John Trump Sr. and second
in
Command of the (KKK) Donald John Trump Jr. inciting the (KKK) and white only
emotional 1865 – 2016 hostile murderous
Klan’s feeling of continual rope and
lynching as they must do it
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